Search results for " plague"
showing 10 items of 17 documents
Exploitation of SAR and Optical Sentinel Data to Detect Rice Crop and Estimate Seasonal Dynamics of Leaf Area Index
2017
This paper presents and evaluates multitemporal LAI estimates derived from Sentinel-2A data on rice cultivated area identified using time series of Sentinel-1A images over the main European rice districts for the 2016 crop season. This study combines the information conveyed by Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-2A into a high-resolution LAI retrieval chain. Rice crop was detected using an operational multi-temporal rule-based algorithm, and LAI estimates were obtained by inverting the PROSAIL radiative transfer model with Gaussian process regression. Direct validation was performed with in situ LAI measurements acquired in coordinated field campaigns in three countries (Italy, Spain and Greece). Res…
Species composition and richness of aphid parasitoid wasps in cotton fields in northern China
2017
AbstractThe cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a serious pest of cotton across the globe, particularly in the cotton agroecosystems of northern China. Parasitic wasps are deemed to be important natural enemies of A. gossypii, but limited information exists about their species composition, richness and seasonal dynamics in northern China. In this study, we combine sampling over a broad geographical area with intensive field trials over the course of three cropping seasons to describe parasitoid-hyperparasitoid communities in cotton crops. We delineate a speciose complex of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with A. gossypii. Over 90% of the primary paras…
A 5,000-year-old hunter-gatherer already plagued by Yersinia pestis.
2021
Summary A 5,000-year-old Yersinia pestis genome (RV 2039) is reconstructed from a hunter-fisher-gatherer (5300–5050 cal BP) buried at Riņņukalns, Latvia. RV 2039 is the first in a series of ancient strains that evolved shortly after the split of Y. pestis from its antecessor Y. pseudotuberculosis ∼7,000 years ago. The genomic and phylogenetic characteristics of RV 2039 are consistent with the hypothesis that this very early Y. pestis form was most likely less transmissible and maybe even less virulent than later strains. Our data do not support the scenario of a prehistoric pneumonic plague pandemic, as suggested previously for the Neolithic decline. The geographical and temporal distributi…
Sobre los parasitoides asociados a las fases de larva y pupa de la procesionaria del pino en cuatro bosques mediterráneos (España)
2007
El complejo de parasitoides asociado a las fases de larva y pupa de la procesionaria del pino fue estudiado en cuatro bosques mediterráneos ubicados en la zona noroeste de la provincia de Valencia (España). De todas las especies, Phryxe caudata (Tachinidae) fue la más abundante, seguida de Villa sp. (Tachinidae), Coelichneumon rudis (Ichneumonidae), Erigorgus femorator (Ichneumonidae), Hemipenthes sp. (Bombyliidae), Exhyalanthrax afer (Bombyliidae) y Exorista segregata (Tachinidae). La actividad de las especies de taquínidos fue importante, tanto en los nidos de orugas hacia la segunda mitad del verano, como sobre las procesiones de enterramiento hacia la primera mitad del mes de Marzo. Eri…
Paleoclimate and bubonic plague: a forewarning of future risk?
2010
Background Human cases of plague (Yersinia pestis) infection originate, ultimately, in the bacterium's wildlife host populations. The epidemiological dynamics of the wildlife reservoir therefore determine the abundance, distribution and evolution of the pathogen, which in turn shape the frequency, distribution and virulence of human cases. Earlier studies have shown clear evidence of climatic forcing on contemporary plague abundance in rodents and humans. Results We find that high-resolution palaeoclimatic indices correlate with plague prevalence and population density in a major plague host species, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus), over 1949-1995. Climate-driven models trained on these…
Situación actual, problemas fitosanitarios y alternativas de manejo de la teca en Ecuador
2021
Tectona grandis L.f. (teca) es un recurso forestal con gran demanda internacional, que en Ecuador representa un importante ingreso que genera anualmente un aproximado de 37 millones de dólares. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha visto amenazado por un problema fitosanitario denominado 'muerte regresiva'. Con el objeto de determinar el perfil de los productores de teca y la incidencia de la enfermedad, se levantó información mediante una encuesta semiestructurada en 77 plantaciones, considerando los criterios de género, grupo étnico, rango de edad, nivel de educación, provincia y número de hectáreas. De entre los resultados obtenidos, resaltar que la edad de los entrevistados varía entre…
Yersinia pestis DNA from Skeletal Remains from the 6th Century AD Reveals Insights into Justinianic Plague
2013
Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of the disease plague, has been implicated in three historical pandemics. These include the third pandemic of the 19th and 20th centuries, during which plague was spread around the world, and the second pandemic of the 14th–17th centuries, which included the infamous epidemic known as the Black Death. Previous studies have confirmed that Y. pestis caused these two more recent pandemics. However, a highly spirited debate still continues as to whether Y. pestis caused the so-called Justinianic Plague of the 6th–8th centuries AD. By analyzing ancient DNA in two independent ancient DNA laboratories, we confirmed unambiguously the presence of Y. pestis DNA in…
Trame di donne all’indomani della peste romana del 1656
2020
Nel gennaio 1659 viene scoperta a Roma una rete di donne che produce, smercia e somministra veleno per sopprimere mariti. La rete è estesa, il numero delle vittime sembra ingente, la trama è in atto da almeno cinque anni e si è giovata del regime di eccezione prodotto dalla pestilenza che ha colpito la città (1656-1657). Il contributo intende esaminare il tema proposto dal punto di vista della storia delle donne: gli aspetti metodologici; un caso di studio che può inscriversi nella prospettiva di «all’indomani di»; gli effetti che il caso di studio scelto stesso ha ponendosi a sua volta come punto di svolta. Women’s plots in the aftermath of the Roman plague of 1656. The “Acqua tofana” stor…
La phyloxera : descripción, vida y costumbres. Diversos remedios prácticos ... y ley de defensa
1878
Dades presos de la cob
La plaga filoxérica, primera parte : el insecto y la vid
Conferencia pública dada el 9 de octubre de 1878 en el Ateneo de Logroño